Melanoma skin cancer is a skin cancer that develops from melanocytes. In addition to the skin, melanoma can also appear in the eyes. In fact, in rare cases, melanoma can grow in the nose or throat.
Melanocytes are skin pigment cells that function to produce melanin, the pigment that produces human skin color. Melanin is what works to absorb ultraviolet rays and protect the skin from damage.
Melanoma is a rare, but very dangerous type of skin cancer. This cancer starts from the human skin and can spread to other organs in the body if treated too late.
Types of Melanoma Skin Cancer
Melanoma skin cancer is divided into four types, namely:
1. Superficial spreading melanoma
Superficial spreading melanoma usually grows wide on the surface of the skin, but over time it can develop into the deepest part of the skin. Melanoma is more common in the upper back and legs.
2. Lentigo maligna melanoma
Lentigo maligna melanoma It usually appears on areas that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face and hands, with a growth pattern like superficial spreading melanoma. Melanoma of this type often affects the elderly.
3. Nodular melanoma
Nodular melanoma It is the most aggressive type of melanoma and can grow quickly under the skin if not removed. This type of melanoma is usually a blue-black or reddish lump that grows on the body, legs, or scalp.
4. Acral lentiginous melanoma
Acral lentiginous melanoma is a rare type of melanoma and usually grows on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, or around the nails. Melanoma often appears in dark-skinned people.
Melanoma Skin Cancer Symptoms
Melanoma is characterized by the appearance of a new mole or a change in an old mole. These changes can include the shape and color of the mole. In addition, moles with melanoma can itch and bleed.
Melanomas that appear in unusual locations, such as the eyes or nails, can cause other symptoms, including:
- blurred vision, floaters, or the black dot on the white part of the eye
- The underside of the nail is black for no reason
Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment and Prevention
The main method of treating melanoma skin cancer is surgery. However, if needed, the doctor can perform other measures, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
The risk of developing melanoma can be lowered by avoiding direct exposure to UV rays, both natural and artificial. One way is to use sunscreen and wear complete clothes that can protect the whole body when doing activities outside the home.