Catabolism is a natural process in the body to produce energy. This process allows the body to move and carry out daily activities. Well, to understand more about catabolism, let's look at the following explanation.
Various biochemical processes take place in the body. This process is also known as metabolism. There are two types of metabolic reactions, namely catabolism and anabolism.
Catabolism is the process of breaking down large and complex molecules into simpler forms, one of which is calories or energy.
This simple form will then be used as fuel for anabolic reactions to produce larger substances or molecules.
Catabolic Reactions in the Body
Food and drinks that have been consumed and enter the body, will be broken down by enzymes in the digestive system. Through catabolic reactions, proteins are broken down into amino acids.
Amino acids can be used as a source of energy when the body needs it. This compound can also be recycled to make protein or become urea through an oxidation process.
In addition to breaking down protein, catabolism can also break down glycogen into glucose. These simple carbohydrates will then go through an oxidation process called glycolysis. It is from this reaction that energy is produced.
Meanwhile, fat will also go through a breakdown process called hydrolysis. This process produces fatty acids and glycerol, which will then go through glycolysis reactions and other biochemical reactions to form energy.
The energy generated from the various processes above will be stored as molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Many aspects of metabolism, both anabolism and catabolism, are closely related to the production and consumption of ATP as an energy source, which also acts as fuel in all metabolic processes.
Exercises such as running, swimming, and cycling are types of activity that are catabolic or cardio exercises. When doing this activity, heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing will increase. Catabolic exercise can help you keep your heart and lungs healthy.
However, before doing cardio exercise, you should first consult a doctor, especially if you have certain health conditions.
Hormones Involved in Catabolic Reactions
In the process of catabolism, the body needs the help of certain hormones and substances. The following are a number of hormones that play a role in the catabolism process:
Cortisol
This hormone plays a role in regulating protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism. This hormone, known as the 'stress' hormone, is produced by the adrenal glands.
Cytokines
This hormone regulates interactions between cells and plays a role in regulating the immune system. Some types of cytokines function to stimulate the immune system, while several other types of cytokines function to suppress the activity of the immune system.
Glucagon
This hormone is produced by the pancreas and together with insulin functions to maintain blood sugar levels.
Adrenaline
This hormone, known as epinephrine, can increase heart rate, strengthen heart contractions, and increase blood flow to muscles.
The process of catabolism is very important for the body in producing energy. With energy, the heart can beat so that all body tissues get a blood supply. Various other organs of the body, such as the lungs, kidneys, and digestive tract, can also function optimally.
If you experience problems with health or hormonal disorders that can affect the catabolism process, don't hesitate to consult a doctor. In addition, apply a healthy lifestyle by exercising regularly, eating nutritious foods, and getting enough rest.