An organ system in humans is a collection of organs that support and work together to keep the body functioning as it should. The health of the human body is determined by whether or not the function of the organ system is good.
An organ is a collection of tissues that have one or more functions. Based on the location, the organs of the body are divided into internal organs and external organs. The heart, kidneys, stomach, and intestines are some examples of internal organs, while examples of external organs are the nose and skin.
These various types of organs work together and form an organ system in the human body. If one organ does not function properly, it will have an impact on other organs of the body. Therefore, it is important to always maintain the function of organ systems so that the body's health is maintained.
Various Organ Systems in Humans
Based on their function, the organ systems of the human body can be divided into several parts which include:
1. Sense system
The sense system in humans consists of 5 senses or what is commonly called the five senses. The five senses consist of eyes that function to see, ears to hear, nose to smell, tongue to taste, and skin as a sense of touch.
In particular, the skin is also part of the integumentary system, which is the system that covers the internal organs of the body. In addition to functioning as a sense of touch, the skin also acts as a protector of the body from harmful microorganisms and chemicals, regulates body temperature, and keeps the body from losing fluids too quickly.
2. Cardiovascular system
The cardiovascular system is responsible for ensuring smooth blood circulation by pumping and circulating blood throughout the body. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart (cardio) and blood vessels (vascular).
Blood itself is a means of transportation for oxygen, nutrients, and other important substances, such as hormones, to be circulated throughout the body. In addition, the blood is also responsible for carrying toxic substances, such as carbon dioxide, to be removed from the body.
3. Respiratory system
The respiratory system is one of the organ systems that have a vital role for human survival. This system functions to take oxygen from the inhaled air and remove carbon dioxide as a metabolic waste from the body.
The respiratory system consists of the nose, throat, larynx, trachea and bronchi, and lungs. The process of absorbing oxygen from the air to be circulated throughout the cells and tissues of the body takes place in the lungs.
4. Digestive system
The digestive system allows the body to receive food, then process it into nutrients and energy that are more easily absorbed by the body. The process of metabolizing food into energy and nutrients involves the digestive system consisting of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and intestines.
5. Reproductive system
Men and women have different reproductive systems. The male reproductive system includes all the organs used during sexual intercourse to produce offspring, such as the penis, testes, epididymis, and vas deferens.
Meanwhile, the female reproductive system includes all the organs needed for sexual intercourse, pregnancy, and childbearing. The reproductive organs include the vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.
6. Urogenital system
The urogenital system consists of the kidneys, urinary tract, bladder, and urethra. This organ system functions to filter toxins, fluids, and excess electrolytes, such as potassium and sodium, in the blood.
After being filtered, the blood will be reabsorbed to be circulated throughout the body, while the remaining waste and toxic substances that have been filtered will be excreted through the urine.
In addition to excreting urine, this system is also responsible for regulating the amount of electrolytes and body fluids, as well as ensuring the acid-base or pH level of the blood is at normal levels.
7. Nervous and musculoskeletal system
The nervous system consists of all the nerve cells in the body, both sensory and motor nerves. The nervous system allows humans to feel, understand, and respond to the environment around them. The nervous system also plays a role in body movement along with the musculoskeletal system.
The musculoskeletal system includes muscles (musculoskeletal) and bones (skeletal). In general, this system functions to move the body, maintain posture and balance, generate body heat through metabolism, and protect internal organs.
8. Endocrine system
The endocrine system consists of the hypothalamus in the brain and a series of glands that are responsible for producing hormones that the body uses to control various bodily functions, such as breathing, metabolism, reproduction, movement, growth, sensory perception, and sexual development.
The various glands of the body that include the endocrine system are the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, and ovaries.
9. Excretory system
The excretory system is an organ system in humans that functions to remove metabolic waste and other substances that are considered toxic by the body.
Toxins and waste substances in the body will be excreted through the excretory system which consists of sweat glands in the skin, urine produced by the urogenital system, and feces or feces produced by the digestive system.
10. Immune system
The immune system or immune system is the body's system which includes special cells, such as white blood cells and lymphocytes, as well as the lymphatic system, which consists of the spleen, liver, thymus gland, and lymph nodes.
The immune system plays a role in detecting the presence of harmful or toxic substances, cancer cells, and various causes of infection, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Furthermore, this system will produce antibodies to destroy it.
Organ systems in humans have different functions, but are still interrelated and support each other. Keeping organ systems functioning optimally is very important to ensure a healthy body.
To maintain the health of the body's organ systems, it is recommended that you lead a healthy lifestyle and have regular medical check-ups with your doctor, especially if you are at risk for certain diseases.