The epididymis is a tube in the scrotum (the pouch that covers the testicles) that attaches to the back of the testes (testicles). This organ functions to transport and store sperm produced by the testes. However, the function of the epididymis can be impaired for various reasons.
The epididymis consists of caput (head), corpus (body), and cauda (tail). Each part has a different function. The head of the epididymis serves as a storage area for sperm.
The body of the epididymis acts as a site for sperm maturation. The process of sperm maturation usually takes about 1 week. Meanwhile, the tail of the epididymis is in charge of channeling sperm into the ejaculatory duct.
However, these various functions can be disrupted if the epididymis experiences infection, inflammation, or other health problems.
Various Diseases of the Epididymis
There are various diseases that can attack the epididymis, including:
Epididymitis
Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis caused by a bacterial infection of the urinary tract, prostate infection, or sexually transmitted disease.
In addition, epididymitis can also be caused by a collision in the groin or the influence of tuberculosis. Although it can be experienced by men at any age, epididymitis generally affects men aged 14-35 years.
Epididymal cyst
Epididymal cyst (spermatocele) is a fluid-filled sac that forms in the epididymis. The exact cause of epididymal cysts is still unknown. However, this condition is likely caused by a blockage in the epididymal tract.
Small epididymal cysts often go undetected. Lumps generally can only be felt when the size begins to increase. The lump that appears resembles a soft lump and can move when touched.
Epididymo-orchitis
Epididymo-orchitis is inflammation of the epididymis and testicles due to infection, especially urinary tract infections or sexually transmitted infections. Epididymo-orchitis is characterized by swelling and pain in the scrotum.
How to Overcome Diseases That Attack the Epididymis
To diagnose disease in the epididymis, the doctor will check for symptoms and perform a physical examination, such as detecting whether the testicles and lymph nodes in the groin area are swollen.
In addition, the doctor will also recommend supporting examinations, such as urine and blood tests, screening for sexually transmitted infections, and ultrasound. After the results of the diagnosis come out and the cause of the epididymal disorder is known, the doctor will provide treatment including:
1. Antibiotics
Antibiotics are given to treat epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis caused by bacterial infections. Symptoms usually subside within 48–72 hours after taking antibiotics. However, antibiotics must still be spent to ensure the infection is completely gone.
2. Painkillers
In addition to antibiotics, doctors can also give painkillers, such as ibuprofen or codeine, to relieve pain that arises due to disorders of the epididymis.
3. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as piroxicam or ketorolac, can be given by a doctor to relieve inflammation that occurs in the epididymis.
4. Operation
If the epididymal disease experienced by the patient is severe, the doctor may recommend the patient to undergo surgical removal of the cyst in the epididymis. Operation known as spermatocelectomy this is generally short, less than an hour.
5. Regular check-ups to the doctor
In contrast to epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis, epididymal cyst disease generally does not require special treatment. However, you should still see a doctor to monitor its progress. Doctor's treatment is needed if the epididymal cyst gets bigger and starts to cause pain.
When undergoing treatment to treat diseases of the epididymis, you are encouraged to always follow the doctor's rules and instructions, both in taking drugs and when adopting a healthy lifestyle.
Do not hesitate to consult a doctor if you experience symptoms related to epididymal disease to avoid dangerous complications.