Infectious diseases are health problems caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Although several types of organisms exist in the body and are classified as harmless, under certain conditions, these organisms can attack and cause health problems, which have the potential to even cause death.
Types and Causes of Infectious Diseases
Infection can be caused by 4 different organisms, namely viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Each organism can cause different health problems. The following are examples of diseases based on the organism that causes them:
- Virus. These organisms attack cells in the body. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an example of the type of virus that causes HIV/AIDS.
- bacteria. These organisms can release disease-causing toxins.E. coli is one example of the type of bacteria that causes urinary tract infections.
- Mold.Dermatophytes is one example of a type of fungus that is also the cause of water fleas. This fungus can multiply rapidly in warm and humid environments.
- Parasite. Parasites live in dependence on other organisms. Plasmodium is one example of a type of parasite that depends on living in mosquitoes and causes malaria.
The spread of infectious organisms can occur in various ways, either by direct contact, through contaminated animals or objects. Diarrhea, fever, and feeling weak are common symptoms of an infectious disease. If you experience these symptoms, it would be better to immediately consult a doctor.
Infection Treatment
Treatment of infection is adjusted to the organism that causes it and the part of the body that is infected. Generally, the treatment of infection is done by administering drugs or surgery. Some medications that can be used to treat infections include:
- Anti Virus, as zanamivir and acyclovir.
- antibacterial,as amoxicillin and doxycycline.
- antifungal,as clotrimazole and fluconazole.
- antiparasitic,as albendazole and artesunate.
Medicines to treat infections are available in various forms, ranging from tablets, caplets, ointments, creams, to injections. The dose and type of each drug need to be adjusted to the patient's condition and history. Avoid using the drug without first consulting your doctor.
In addition to medication, some types of infection also need to be treated with surgery. The operation performed will be adjusted to the condition, the causative organism, and the patient's medical history. For example, in heart valve disease due to infection, surgery is needed to replace the heart valve.
Infection Prevention
All types of infectious diseases are basically preventable. Some efforts that can be done to reduce the risk of infection are:
- Carry out regular checks.
- Avoid contact with wild animals.
- Get vaccinated according to schedule.
- Implement a healthy sex life.
- Maintain cleanliness.
- Do not share personal items, such as toothbrushes, towels, or shoes.
- Don't eat randomly.