Severe trauma due to an event or disturbance in brain function can cause a person to experience mental disorders. Types of mental disorders include anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders, and eating disorders.
Mental disorders are health problems that significantly affect how a person thinks, behaves, and interacts with others. If not treated, people with mental disorders will find it difficult to move, work, and even interact with other people.
The Ministry of Health's Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2018 noted that there were more than 19 million Indonesians aged 15 years and over who suffered from mental and emotional disorders and more than 12 million people were estimated to be depressed. This figure tends to increase when compared to 2013 data.
The cause of mental disorders is not yet known with certainty. However, there are several factors that are known to increase a person's risk for developing mental disorders, including:
- Genetic factors or congenital
- Family history of mental disorders
- Heavy stress
- Have experienced a traumatic event, such as being a victim of abuse or violence
- Use of illegal drugs and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages
- Certain medical conditions, such as severe brain injury, stroke, and thyroid disorders
Types of Mental Disorders That Are Often Encountered
Mental disorders are one of the health problems that still get a lot of negative views from the public.
Not a few people think that mental disorders only occur due to hallucinations or behavioral problems. In fact, there are still many people who think that people with mental disorders need to be locked up or in shackles.
In fact, there are various kinds of mental disorders and each type of mental disorder has different signs and symptoms. The following are the types of mental disorders that are quite common:
1. Anxiety disorders
Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, phobias, and panic. Anxiety disorders are mental disorders that make sufferers feel anxious and restless, and it is difficult to control these feelings.
When experiencing an anxiety disorder, a person can experience symptoms in the form of a lot of sweating, a fast heart rate or chest palpitations, feeling dizzy, having trouble concentrating, having trouble sleeping, and feeling anxious and worried that it's difficult to carry out daily activities.
2. Personality disorders
A person with a personality disorder tends to have a different mindset, feeling, or behavior from most people in general. Types of personality disorders are divided into several groups, namely:
- Eccentric types, such as paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, and antisocial personality disorders
- Dramatic or emotional types, such as narcissistic, histrionic, and borderline personality disorder (borderline)
- Anxiety and fear types, such as obsessive compulsive personality disorder, avoidance (avoidant), and dependency (dependent)
3. Psychotic disorders
Psychotic disorders are severe mental disorders that cause abnormal thoughts and perceptions, such as schizophrenia.
People with psychotic disorders will experience hallucinations, believe things that aren't really happening, and even hear, see, or feel things that aren't really real.
4. Mood disorders
Mood changes that occur from time to time are normal things, especially if there are trigger factors, such as stress, fatigue, or mental pressure.
However, people who suffer from mood disorders can experience extreme and rapid changes in mood or mood. For example, from a stable mood, suddenly sad, then very happy and excited in a short time.
Types of mental disorders that cause mood swings include depression, bipolar disorder, and cyclothymic disorder.
5. Eating disorders
Eating disorders are serious mental disorders that interfere with a person's eating behavior. This condition can often make sufferers experience nutritional problems, such as malnutrition or obesity.
Examples of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa binge eating disorder or binge eating disorder.
6. Impulse control disorder and addiction
People with impulse control disorders cannot resist the urge to take actions that could harm themselves or others, such as gambling, stealing (kleptomania), and starting fires (pyromania).
While addictive behavior disorders or addictions are usually caused by abuse of alcohol and illegal drugs or drugs. Not only that, a person can also be addicted to certain activities, such as sex, masturbation, or shopping.
7. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
This mental disorder is characterized by uncontrolled thoughts and obsessions with something, thus encouraging the sufferer to perform an activity repeatedly.
People with OCD may become obsessed with certain numbers, such as the number 3. This will make them feel the need to do certain activities, such as washing their hands or knocking three times on the door. If this is not done, OCD sufferers will feel uncomfortable and worry excessively.
8. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
PTSD can develop after a person has experienced a traumatic or horrific event, such as sexual or physical abuse, the death of a loved one, or a natural disaster.
People who suffer from PTSD usually find it difficult to forget these unpleasant thoughts or events.
Whatever the type, various mental disorders experienced by a person need to be treated by a psychologist or psychiatrist. If not treated properly, mental disorders experienced can get worse and have the potential to make them hurt themselves or others.
If you or someone you know shows symptoms of a mental illness, seek help from a psychiatrist immediately. To determine the diagnosis of mental disorders in patients, a psychiatrist will conduct a psychiatric examination. After that, the patient will receive treatment and treatment according to the type of mental disorder he is experiencing.