Ammonium nitrate (N2H4O3) is a substance composed of a chemical reaction between ammonia and nitric acid. Ammonium nitrate is generally used as a raw material for the manufacture of fertilizers and certain drugs. However, behind the benefits, is there any danger of ammonium nitrate to health?
Ammonium nitrate is a chemical substance that is shaped like a grain of sand, odorless, and gray in color. Besides being used as an ingredient for making fertilizers, ammonium nitrate is also often used as a mixture of explosives in the mining and construction industries.
Not only that, ammonium nitrate is even used as an ingredient in the manufacture of certain medicines, such as antibiotics and antacids. However, if not used or stored properly, ammonium nitrate can be hazardous to health.
The Dangers of Exposure to Ammonium Nitrate for Health
The following are health problems that can occur if you are exposed to ammonium nitrate in the long term or in large quantities:
1. Eye irritation
Ammonium nitrate can cause eye irritation. If your eyes are accidentally exposed to this substance, rinse immediately with clean water. However, if eye irritation does not subside or gets worse, immediately consult a doctor.
2. Skin irritation
In contact with the skin, ammonium nitrate can also cause skin irritation. This condition is generally characterized by skin that feels sore or hot and looks reddish. Rinse immediately with clean running water if your skin is exposed to ammonium nitrate.
3. Respiratory disorders
Accidental inhalation of ammonium nitrate can cause irritation to the nose, throat and lungs. If ingested, ammonium nitrate can cause symptoms of poisoning, such as nausea, vomiting, headache, weakness, and even fainting.
4. Blood disorders
Exposure to large amounts of ammonium nitrate can cause a blood disorder called methemoglobinemia. This condition reduces oxygen in the blood and causes symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, and bluish skin and lips.
If not treated immediately, methemoglobinemia risk of causing organ dysfunction or even death.
In addition to the above conditions, ammonium nitrate can also cause serious injury and injury if the substance explodes due to improper storage. This is because ammonium nitrate is flammable when exposed to hot temperatures.
Preventive Measures from Exposure to Ammonium Nitrate
There are several steps you can take to prevent the risk of health problems due to exposure to ammonium nitrate, including:
Wear personal protective equipment (PPE)
Avoid direct contact with ammonium nitrate. You can do this by always using personal protective equipment when working in an environment that is prone to exposure to ammonium nitrate.
The types of personal protective equipment that are generally used are:
- Gloves
- Latex or silicone protective clothing
- Boots
- Masks and face shields (face shield)
- Protective glasses (googles)
Storing ammonium nitrate properly
It was mentioned earlier that ammonium nitrate can explode when stored in high temperatures. Therefore, avoid storing these substances in places that are easily exposed to hot temperatures.
It is also recommended that you check the packaging label first when purchasing certain chemical products, such as cleaners or fertilizers. If the product contains explosive or flammable chemicals, ensure that the product is stored at a normal temperature and away from exposure to heat.
If you are accidentally exposed to ammonium nitrate, especially if it has caused a health problem, immediately take the steps mentioned above or consult a doctor about the problem so that proper treatment can be carried out.