Cervical polyps are benign tumors that develop on the cervix and are often asymptomatic. Even so, this condition must still be watched out for. Cervical polyps are most often experienced by women in the age range of 40-50 years who have more than one child.
The cervix, also known as the cervix, is a narrow tube that connects the uterine cavity to the vagina. Cervical polyps are benign tumors that usually stem and grow lengthwise from the inner wall of the cervical canal or from the outer surface of the cervix.
Causes of Cervical Polyps
The exact cause of cervical polyps is not known. However, this condition is closely related to the increase in the hormone estrogen in a woman's body. In addition, this condition can also be triggered by several things, such as:
- Infections, including sexually transmitted infections
- Long-lasting (chronic) inflammation of the cervix
- Cervical blood vessel blockage
Symptoms of Cervical Polyps
Most people with cervical polyps do not experience any symptoms. This condition is generally only known at the time of examination in the cervix or during a Pap smear. Meanwhile, in a small proportion of patients with cervical polyps, symptoms that can appear are:
- Postmenopausal bleeding or between periods
- Bleeding after sexual intercourse
- Menstruation with more blood than usual
- White or yellow vaginal discharge that may have an odor due to infection
Bleeding that occurs in cervical polyps can be large or only in the form of spotting. Generally, women can only experience 1 polyp, but it can also be 2 or at most 3 polyps. The size is small, which is about 1-2 cm.
Cervical Polyp Treatment
Cervical polyps do not really need to be removed if they are not very large and do not cause bleeding or bothersome complaints. Sometimes, cervical polyps can fall off on their own during sexual intercourse or menstruation. However, as a precautionary measure, it's better if you still see a doctor if you experience one or more symptoms of cervical polyps.
If there are polyps, on examination, you will see a bulge or tumor resembling a red or purple finger. This polyp tissue can be taken partially or completely directly for later examination in the laboratory (biopsy). A biopsy is necessary to ensure that the polyp is not malignant.
Generally, polyps are removed with special clamps or by twisting without anesthesia. To remove the stalk of the polyp, liquid nitrogen or a laser can be used. However, if the polyp is too large, it may require surgery in the operating room under anaesthesia.
After removal of cervical polyps, the patient may experience some cramping or bleeding. However, this will usually go away in 1-2 days. The doctor will also prescribe medication such as paracetamol to relieve pain.
Cervical Polyp Prevention Steps
Because cervical polyps can occur due to infection and chronic inflammation, you are advised to use cotton underwear to keep air circulation in the genital area good. This can prevent heat and humidity which is one of the causes of cervical infection and inflammation.
If you have a history of previous polyps, you are advised to have regular pelvic exams because polyps have the potential to grow back.
To maintain the health of reproductive organs in general, women who have had sexual intercourse are also advised to have regular pelvic examinations and Pap smears, regardless of whether there is a history of cervical polyps.
For women aged 21–29 years, Pap smears are recommended to be done every 3 years. Meanwhile, for women 30–65 years, Pap smears are recommended every 5 years. Consult with your doctor about an examination schedule that suits your health condition.