Not as simple as it seems, human skin anatomy consists of several layers with their respective functions.In order to function optimally, the skin needs nutrition. Anything? Let's see in the following review!
The skin is one of the largest organs in the human body which covers almost the entire surface of the body. The skin has various functions, one of which is protecting muscles, bones and internal organs. In addition, the skin also functions to protect the body from germs, viruses, to chemical exposure, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, help synthesize vitamin D, and maintain a stable body temperature.
Layers of Skin
Although rarely realized, the skin is a dynamic organ that is constantly changing during a person's life. The layer that is on the inside will replace the outer layer that has fallen off without realizing it. The thickness of each person's skin is different, depending on gender, age, and also other factors such as certain medical conditions. In general, men's skin is thicker than women's skin, and children's skin is thinner than adult skin.
The following is the anatomical structure of human skin which consists of three layers of skin, starting from the outermost layer:
- EpidermisThe first anatomical structure of human skin is the epidermis. The epidermis layer has no blood vessels. Nutrient supply and disposal is obtained from the deeper layer, namely the dermis. The epidermis itself consists of several layers of cells called the stratum, namely:
- Stratum corneum
This layer consists of hard horn cells formed from keratin. The outermost layer of the skin functions to absorb water and protect the deeper layers of the skin.
- Stratum lucidum.
Is a thin layer that is only found on the thick skin on the palms of the hands and feet. This layer serves to reduce friction between the layers of the epidermis.
- Stratrum granulosum
Is the third layer of the epidermis, which serves to form the skin's protective cells.
- Stratum spinosum
Is part of the epidermis that plays a role in creating keratin, which is the building block of skin, hair, and nail cells.
- Stratum basale
Is the deepest layer in the epidermis that actively forms skin cells. This layer contains melanocytes, which are skin color-forming cells (pigments) that protect the skin from radiation.
- Stratum corneum
In skin anatomy, in the epidermis there are also Langerhans cells which act as part of the skin's immune system, and Merkel cells which function to make the skin sensitive to touch.
- DermisThe second layer in the anatomical structure of human skin is the dermis. The dermis serves to support the epidermis, and has a more complex structure. The structure of the dermis consists of elastic fibers, reticular fibers, and collagen fibers. In addition, the dermis also contains blood vessels along with nerve endings, the lymphatic system, sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, connective tissue, and skin immune cells. The dermis plays an important role in maintaining skin elasticity and maintaining a prime skin condition.
- HypodermicThe third layer in the anatomical structure of human skin is the hypodermis. The hypodermis is below the dermis layer and functions to attach the skin to muscles or bones, supply blood vessels, and innervate the skin. The hypodermis itself is no longer part of the skin layer. In this layer, there is fatty tissue that cushions and insulates body heat.
Supporting Nutrition Skin
In addition to recognizing the anatomical structure of the skin, it is also important for you to know what nutrients can maintain the health of each layer of the skin. Skin needs nutrients to function optimally, and changes in nutrient intake can affect skin condition.
There are several types of nutrients that play an important role in skin care, including:
- Vitamin
Vitamin A will help the process of forming keratin in the outermost layer of the skin, overcoming skin damage caused by UV exposure, and also reducing wrinkles.
Vitamin C as an antioxidant will help the process of collagen synthesis and protect the skin from UV exposure.
Vitamin E helps the skin fight free radical damage and protects it from sun exposure.
Vitamin D will help the immune system and the skin repair process.
- AntioxidantTo control the damage to the skin caused by free radicals, you can include some foods that contain antioxidants in your daily menu. Many types of fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants, examples are strawberries, blueberries, spinach, all kinds of peppers.
- Omega-3 fatty acidsOmega-3 fatty acids are also important for keeping the outer layer of the skin strong. You can get this content from salmon, sardines, and walnuts.
Maintaining the health of each layer in the anatomy of the skin, can be done with sufficient supporting nutrients. As much as possible, avoid direct sunlight and use sunscreen when doing activities in the hot sun. Consult a dermatologist, if you experience complaints on the skin.