Ketamine is a type of general anesthetic (general anesthetic). This drug is given to eliminate the awareness of patients who will undergo a medical procedure, such as surgery.
Ketamine works by interfering with signals in the brain that are responsible for consciousness and pain. This drug should only be used in hospitals and during its use will be under the full supervision of a doctor.
This is because the use of ketamine has the risk of causing dangerous side effects, such as increased blood pressure, respiratory problems and visual disturbances.
Ketamine trademark:Ivanes, Ketalar, KTM, Venilam
What is Ketamine
| group | Prescription drugs |
| Category | Anesthesia/anesthesia |
| Benefit | Anesthesia for surgery |
| Used by | Adults and children |
| Ketamine for pregnant and lactating women | Category B: Animal studies have not shown any risk to the fetus, but there are no controlled studies in pregnant women. It is not known whether ketamine can be absorbed into breast milk or not. If you are breastfeeding, do not use this medicine without consulting your doctor first. |
| Drug form | Inject |
Precautions Before Using Ketamine
There are several things to consider before using ketamine, including:
- Do not use ketamine if you are allergic to this drug. Tell your doctor about any allergies you have.
- Tell your doctor if you have or have had hypertension, glaucoma, eye injury, porphyria, thyroid disease, lung or respiratory disease, coronary heart disease, tachycardia, or increased pressure in the brain (intracranial pressure).
- Tell your doctor if you have a habit of drinking alcohol or are addicted to alcohol.
- Do not drive a vehicle or do activities that require alertness, for at least 24 hours after taking ketamine, because this medicine may cause dizziness and drowsiness.
- Immediately see a doctor if after using ketamine you experience behavioral disturbances, such as confusion, overzealousness, or hallucinations, for more than 24 hours.
- Tell your doctor if you are taking certain medications, supplements, or herbal products.
- Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding.
- See your doctor right away if you have an allergic drug reaction, serious side effect, or overdose after using ketamine.
Dosage and Rules for Use of Ketamine
Ketamine will be given by injection through a vein (intravenous / IV) or into a muscle (intramuscular / IM) by a doctor or medical officer under the supervision of a doctor. This drug is used as a general anesthetic (general anesthetic) in patients undergoing surgical procedures.
The following is a ketamine dose divided by age:
- Adults and children 16 years oldThe initial dose is 1–4.5 mg/kg by IV injection, or 6.5–13 mg/kg by IM injection. A maintenance dose of 0.1-0.5 mg/min is given by infusion.
- Children aged 3 months4-5 mg/kg by IM injection, or 1.5-2 mg/kg by IV injection.
How to Use Ketamine Correctly
Ketamine will be given directly by a doctor or medical officer under the supervision of a doctor. The drug will be injected into a vein (intravenous/IV) or into a muscle (intramuscular/IM) as directed by the doctor.
This drug can only be used in hospitals. During a ketamine injection, your doctor will closely monitor your breathing, blood pressure, or heart rate.
Ketamine Interactions with Other Drugs
The effects of drug interactions that can occur if ketamine is used together with other drugs are:
- Slowed recovery when used with barbiturate drugs, such as phenobarbital
- Increased risk of bradycardia and hypotension when used with anesthetic gases, such as halothane
- Increased risk of central nervous system and respiratory disorders if used with sedative drugs, such as diazepam or clonazepam
- Increased risk of developing hypertension if used with thyroid medications, such as levothyroxine
- Increased risk of hypotension when used with antihypertensive drugs
- Increased risk of seizures when used with theophylline
- Decreased sedative effect of thiopental
- Enhanced neuromuscular blocking or muscle relaxant effects of atracurium and tubocurarine
Side Effects and Dangers of Ketamine
Some of the side effects that may arise after using ketamine are:
- Nauseous
- Throw up
- Dizzy
- Double vision (diplopia)
- Feels like I'm dreaming
- Decreased appetite
- Insomnia
Tell your doctor if the above side effects do not subside or get worse. See your doctor right away if you have an allergic reaction to a drug or a more serious side effect, such as:
- Frequent urination, pain when urinating, or bloody urine
- hallucination
- Swelling around the eyes, face, lips or tongue
- Faint
- Weakness or unusual tiredness
- Hypertension
- Irregular heartbeat or fast heart rate
- Seizures